Thermistor History a me ka hoʻolauna
ʻO NTC thermistor kahi acronym no Negative Temperature Coefficient thermistor.Kaumaha =Thermpili piliistorUa ʻike ʻia ma 1833 e Michael Faraday, ka mea e noiʻi ana i ke kālā sulfide semiconductors, ua ʻike ʻo ia i ka emi ʻana o ke kūpaʻa sulfides kālā i ka piʻi ʻana o ka mahana, a laila kūʻai ʻia e Samuel Reuben i nā makahiki 1930, ua ʻike nā ʻepekema ʻo ka cuprous oxide a me ka copper oxide i loaʻa ka coefficient mahana maikaʻi ʻole a me ka hana ʻana o ka mea hana i ka mahana. Ma hope iho, ma muli o ka hoʻomau mau ʻana o ka ʻenehana transistor, ua holomua nui i ka noiʻi ʻana o nā thermistors, a i ka makahiki 1960, ua hoʻomohala ʻia nā thermistors NTC, aia i kahi papa nui.nā ʻāpana passive.
ʻO NTC Thermistor kahi ʻanoʻeleu wela semiconductor seramika maikaʻika mea i sintered e kekahi transition metal oxides, ma mua o Mn(manganese), Ni(nickel), Co(cobalt) e like me nā mea maka, Mn3-xMxO4 (M=Ni, Cu, Fe, Co, etc.) he mea me ka nui Negative Temperature Coefficient (NTC), ʻo ia hoʻi, ke emi nei ka resistivity.māhuahuame ka piʻi ʻana o ka mahana. ʻO ke ʻano kikoʻī, ʻokoʻa ka resistivity a me ka mea mau me ka ʻāpana o ka haku mele, ka lewa sintering, ka mahana sintering a me ke kūlana hoʻolālā.
No ka mea, ua loli kona waiwai kū'ēpololeiawānanai ka pane ʻana i nā hoʻololi liʻiliʻi o ka mahana o ke kino (Ke hilinaʻi nei ka degere o kona hoʻololi kūʻē ʻana i nā ʻokoʻanā hana hoʻohālikelike), a me ka mea paʻa, paʻa a me ke koʻikoʻi loa, ua hoʻohana nui ʻia ia i nā mea ʻike wela no nā hale akamai, nā ʻimi lapaʻau, a me nā mea hoʻomalu wela no nā mea pono hale, smartphones, etc.
1. Nā wehewehe kumu a me nā loina hana
He aha ka NTC Thermistor?
■ Wehewehe:ʻO ka thermistor Negative Temperature Coefficient (NTC) kahi mea semiconductor ceramic e emi ana kona kū'ē.māhuahuake piʻi aʻe ka mahana. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ia no ke ana wela, ka uku pānaʻi, a me ka inrush o kēia manawa.
■ Kuʻuna Hana:Hana ʻia mai nā ʻokikene metala hoʻololi (e laʻa, mangan ese, cobalt, nickel), hoʻololi i ka mahana e hoʻololi i ka neʻe ʻana o ka mea lawe i loko o ka mea, e hopena i ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke kū'ē.
Hoʻohālikelike o nā ʻano ʻike wela
| ʻAno | Kumukānāwai | Nā pono | Nā pōʻino |
|---|---|---|---|
| NTC | Hoʻololi ke kū'ē me ka mahana | Kiʻekiʻe sensitivity, haʻahaʻa kumu kūʻai | Hoʻopuka laina ʻole |
| RTD | ʻokoʻa ke kūpaʻa metala me ka mahana | Ka pololei kiʻekiʻe, linearity maikaʻi | Ke kumu kūʻai nui, pane lohi |
| Thermocouple | Ka hopena Thermoelectric (voltage i hana ʻia e ka ʻokoʻa wela) | Laulā wela ākea (-200°C a i 1800°C) | Koi i ka uku hookui anu, hoailona nawaliwali |
| Kikokikona wela wela | Hoʻololi i ka wela i ka puka kikohoʻe | Hoʻohui maʻalahi me nā microcontrollers, pololei kiʻekiʻe | Palena wela palena, ʻoi aku ke kumu kūʻai ma mua o NTC |
| LPTC (Linear PTC) | Piʻi ke kūʻē i ka laina me ka mahana | ʻO ka puka laina laina maʻalahi, maikaʻi no ka pale ʻana i ka wela | ʻO ka naʻau liʻiliʻi, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana |
2. Nā ʻāpana hana koʻikoʻi a me nā huaʻōlelo
Nā ʻāpana kumu
■ Palekana inoa (R25):
ʻO ke kūpaʻa ʻole-mana ma 25°C, maʻamau mai 1kΩ a i 100kΩ.XIXITRONICShiki ke hoʻopilikino ʻia e hālāwai me 0.5～5000kΩ
■Waiwai B (Hōʻike Thermal):
Wehewehe: B = (T1·T2)/(T2-T1) · ln(R1/R2), e hōʻike ana i ka naʻau o ke kū'ē i nā hoʻololi wela (unit: K).
Laulā waiwai B maʻamau: 3000K a i 4600K (e laʻa, B25/85=3950K)
Hiki ke hoʻopilikino ʻia ʻo XIXITRONICS e hālāwai me 2500～5000K
■ Pono (Hoʻomanawanui):
ʻO ka haʻalele ʻana i ka waiwai kūʻē (e laʻa, ± 1%, ± 3%) a me ka pololei o ke ana ʻana o ka mahana (e laʻa, ± 0.5°C).
Hiki ke hoʻopilikino ʻia ka XIXITRONICS e hālāwai me ± 0.2 ℃ i ka laulā o 0 ℃ a 70 ℃, hiki i ka pololei kiʻekiʻe ke hiki i ka 0.05℃.
■Kumu Hoʻopau (δ):
ʻO ka ʻāpana e hōʻike ana i nā hopena hoʻomehana ponoʻī, ana ʻia i ka mW/°C (nā kumu haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka wela ponoʻī).
■Manawa mau (τ):
ʻO ka manawa e pono ai no ka thermistor e pane i ka 63.2% o ka hoʻololi wela (e laʻa, 5 kekona i ka wai, 20 kekona i ka lewa).
ʻŌlelo ʻenehana
■ Ka hoohalike Steinhart-Hart:
He kŘkohu makemakika e wehewehe ana i ka pilina ku'e-mehana o NTC thermistors:
(T: Ka wela piha, R: Ke kū'ē, A/B/C: Nā mea mau)
■ α (Pūnaewele Wehe):
ʻO ka nui o ka hoʻololi kū'ē i kēlā me kēia hoʻololi wela:
■ Papa RT (Papa Kū'ē-Mahana):
He papa kuhikuhi e hōʻike ana i nā waiwai kūʻē maʻamau i nā mahana like ʻole, hoʻohana ʻia no ka calibration a i ʻole ka hoʻolālā kaapuni.
3. Nā noi maʻamau o NTC Thermistors
Nā kahua noi
1. Ana wela:
o ʻO nā mea hana hale (nā ea, nā pahu hau), nā mea hana ʻoihana, nā kaʻa kaʻa (ka pahu pahu / ka nānā ʻana i ka wela o ke kaʻa).
2. Uku Uku Mahana:
oKa uku ʻana no ka neʻe ʻana o ka wela ma nā ʻāpana uila ʻē aʻe (e laʻa, nā oscillator kristal, nā LED).
3. Hoʻopiʻi ʻia i kēia manawa:
oKe hoʻohana nei i ka pale anu kiʻekiʻe e kaupalena i ka inrush i ka wā o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka mana.
Nā Laʻana Hoʻolālā Kaapuni
• Kaapuni mahele Voltage:
(E helu ʻia ka mahana ma ka heluhelu ʻana i ka volta ma o kahi ADC.)
• Nā Kaʻina Linearization:
Hoʻohui i nā mea pale paʻa i ka moʻo/parallel no ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka puka ʻole linear o NTC (e hoʻokomo i nā kiʻi kaapuni kuhikuhi).
4. Nā kumuwaiwai a me nā mea hana
Punawai manuahi
•Pepa ʻikepili:E hoʻokomo i nā ʻāpana kikoʻī, nā ana, a me nā kūlana hoʻāʻo.
•RT Table Excel ( PDF ) Template: Hiki i nā mea kūʻai ke nānā wikiwiki i nā waiwai kū'ē wela.
oNā Noʻonoʻo Hoʻolālā no NTC ma Lithium Battery Temperature Protection
oHoʻomaikaʻi i ka pololei o ke ana wela o ka NTC ma o ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā polokalamu
Nā mea hana pūnaewele
• B helu helu:E hoʻokomo i ka T1/R1 a me T2/R2 e helu i ka waiwai B.
•Mea hoʻololi wela: Kākoʻo ʻana i ka hoʻokomo ʻana no ka loaʻa ʻana o ka mahana kūpono (kākoʻo ʻo Steinhart-Hart equation).
5. Nā Manaʻo Hoʻolālā (No nā ʻEnekinia)
• Hōʻalo i nā hewa hoʻomehana iā ʻoe iho:E hōʻoia i ka hana ʻana ma lalo o ka palena kiʻekiʻe i ʻōlelo ʻia ma ka ʻikepili (e laʻa, 10μA).
• Palekana Kaiapuni:No nā wahi haʻahaʻa a ʻino paha, e hoʻohana i nā NTC i uhi ʻia i ke aniani a i ʻole epoxy.
• Nā Manaʻo Hoʻohālikelike:E hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pololei o ka ʻōnaehana ma o ka hana ʻana i ka calibration ʻelua-helu (e laʻa, 0°C a me 100°C).
6.Nā nīnau i nīnau pinepine ʻia (FAQ)
1. Q: He aha ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o NTC a me PTC thermistors?
o A: Hoʻonui ka PTC (Positive Temperature Coefficient) i ke kū'ē me ka mahana a hoʻohana mau ʻia no ka pale o ka overcurrent, ʻoiai hoʻohana ʻia nā thermistors NTC no ke ana wela a me ka uku.
2. Q: Pehea e koho ai i ka waiwai B pono?
o A: ʻO nā koina B kiʻekiʻe (e laʻa, B25/85=4700K) hāʻawi i ka ʻike kiʻekiʻe a kūpono i nā pae wela haiki, aʻo nā koina B haʻahaʻa (e laʻa, B25/50=3435K) ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi no nā pae wela ākea.
3. Q: E pili ana ka lōʻihi uea i ke ana pololei?
oA: ʻAe, hoʻokomo nā uea lōʻihi i ke kūʻē hou aku, hiki ke uku ʻia no ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi ala pili 3-wire a i ʻole 4-wire.
ʻOi aku ka hoʻokūkū o kā mākou kumukūʻai ma mua o ʻEulopa, ʻAmelika, Iapana a me South Korea, aia lākou ma ka pae waena ma Kina.
Mai ka hiʻohiʻona o ke kumukūʻai, ʻo nā thermistors a me nā mea ʻike wela i hana ʻia e kā mākou hui ʻo ia ke koho maikaʻi loa iā ʻoe.
No nā palena maʻamau o nā thermistors a i ʻole chips, loaʻa iā mākou nā waiwai a hiki ke hāʻawi iā lākou i loko o 3 mau lā.
Pono nā ʻāpana kūikawā me nā ʻāpana i hoʻonohonoho ʻia i ka hoʻomohala ʻana a me ke kaʻina hana o 21 mau lā.
No nā mea ʻike maʻamau, ʻo ka holo hana mua e pono ai 100 a 1000 mau ʻāpana e lawe i nā lā 7-15. ʻO ka hana ʻelua o 10,000 mau ʻāpana he 7 lā.
E ʻokoʻa nā sensor kūikawā a i ʻole ma muli o ka pōʻai kūʻai o nā mea maka
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